Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Definition & Explanation for Mothers

Table of Contents

Definition

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that is used to detect birth defects, genetic diseases, and other problems during pregnancy. The test involves collecting a small sample of cells called chorionic villi from the placenta, where it attaches to the wall of the uterus. The cells are tested for chromosomal abnormalities or inherited disorders.

Key Takeaways

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that diagnoses chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. This is possible because the chorionic villi, tiny finger-like projections on the placenta, share the baby’s genetic makeup.
CVS is performed between the 10th and 13th week of pregnancy, earlier than most other prenatal diagnostic tests such as amniocentesis. It enables early detection of potential health risks, providing prospective parents with timely information.
While CVS is highly accurate and can provide reassurance about a baby’s health, it’s important to know it carries a small risk of miscarriage. Therefore, further discussions with the healthcare provider are necessary to understand the balance between its benefits and risks.

Importance

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is a significant term in motherhood as it represents a prenatal test that detects chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, and other potential problems in the fetus.

This test is important as it gives expectant mothers and healthcare providers critical information early in pregnancy, usually between the 11th and 14th week.

This is especially beneficial for women with high-risk pregnancies, such as those over 35 or with a family history of genetic disorders.

By identifying issues early, it allows parents and healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding the pregnancy or prepare for a baby who may need special care.

Explanation

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) primarily serves as an early prenatal diagnostic test that aims to detect possible genetic defects and abnormalities in the fetus. This procedure assists doctors in identifying and preparing for genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and others, thereby offering valuable information to prospective parents.

Conducted between the 10th and 13th weeks of pregnancy, the test is usually suggested for those who have a family history of genetic diseases, mothers aged 35 and over, or whenever an abnormality is detected during routine prenatal screening tests. CVS entails taking a small sample of the chorionic villus from the placenta, where it is attached to the wall of the womb.

The sampled cells, carrying the same genetic material as that of the fetus, are thoroughly analyzed in the laboratory to diagnose certain chromosomal, genetic, and inherited disorders. Notably, CVS is an invasive procedure and carries a small risk of causing miscarriage; however, it provides accurate diagnostic results earlier in pregnancy compared to other prenatal screening methods, which helps parents make informed decisions about their pregnancy or their baby’s care.

Examples of Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Example 1: A pregnant woman is referred for Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) due to increased risk of Down’s syndrome detected in prenatal screening. The mother is 35 years old, hence there’s a relatively higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities. A small sample of cells is taken from the placenta, this is then sent to a lab for genetic analysis. The test results come back normal, relieving the future mother from further stress.

Example 2: A couple has a history of muscular dystrophy in their family. They are now expecting their first child and are quite concerned about the health of their unborn baby. Their obstetrician-gynecologist recommends Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) to check for any potential genetic disorder. The process is successfully performed and the results show no signs of the disorder, thus giving them a sense of relief about their unborn baby’s health.

Example 3: A woman is pregnant with her second child. Her first child was born with Tay-Sachs disease, a rare and fatal disorder that results from the absence of a key enzyme. Understandably, she and her husband are concerned their second baby might also have this disease. They opt for Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) to detect any genetic abnormalities early in her pregnancy. The CVS test result shows the second child does not carry the Tay-Sachs gene, reassuring the parents.

FAQ: Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

What is Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)?

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that diagnoses chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders with high levels of accuracy. This is done by taking samples from the villi, small growths resembling fingers in the placenta that have the same genes as the baby.

When is CVS performed?

CVS can be performed between the 10th and 13th week of pregnancy, much earlier than other types of prenatal diagnostic tests like an amniocentesis.

What are the risks with CVS?

While CVS can provide valuable information about your baby’s health, it can also pose minor risks, such as a small chance of miscarriage and other potential complications.

How is CVS performed?

A healthcare provider obtains cells from your placenta either through your cervix or your abdomen, using ultrasound as a guide. The sample can be taken by using a thin needle or a thin tube.

What conditions can CVS identify?

CVS is able to identify many genetic disorders, including Down syndrome, Sickle cell disease, Cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease and numerous others.

What steps are taken if the CVS results indicate a problem?

If the CVS results indicate a genetic issue, you’ll have counseling to understand the test results and what it could mean for your pregnancy. Genetic counselors can review the potential risks and options with you.

Related Motherhood Terms

Prenatal Diagnosis
Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities
Genetic Disorders
Placental Tissue
First Trimester Testing

Sources for More Information

Mayo Clinic: It is a reliable medical research center with detailed information about Chorionic villus sampling.
WebMD: A comprehensive resource for medical information including in-depth articles about Chorionic villus sampling.
NHS UK: The National Health Service (UK) site provides detailed medical advice and explanations about various conditions and procedures, including Chorionic villus sampling.
Healthline: It provides easy-to-understand information about health and well-being, including Chorionic villus sampling.