H5 bird flu outbreak: What families need to know to stay safe

As news of the H5 bird flu outbreak continues to evolve, a recent severe case confirmed in Louisiana has brought renewed attention to this virus.

The CDC has confirmed the first severe case of H5N1 bird flu in the United States, involving a patient in Louisiana who was exposed to sick and dead birds in a backyard flock and then hospitalized. This milestone highlights the importance of staying informed about the ongoing outbreak, even as the overall risk to the public remains low. For families, understanding the virus and taking simple precautions can go a long way in ensuring safety and peace of mind.

While human infections in the U.S. are rare—just 53 confirmed cases since April—the rise in bird flu cases among animals is a good reminder to be aware of best practices for protecting your family.

Let’s explore what you need to know and how you can take simple steps to keep your loved ones safe.

What is H5 bird flu?

H5 bird flu, also known as avian influenza, is a virus that primarily affects birds—especially poultry and wild bird populations. It spreads through contact with infected birds, their droppings, or contaminated surfaces. While rare, it can occasionally infect other animals or humans, usually through direct exposure to infected birds.

In the U.S., recent outbreaks have been reported among poultry, wild birds, and even some dairy cattle. A few human cases have involved people working directly with infected animals. Thankfully, the CDC has assessed the overall public health risk as very low. Importantly, there is no evidence of the virus spreading from person to person. For families, this means there’s no need to panic—just stay informed and follow some basic safety tips.

Related: Is it the flu, RSV, a cold, allergies or Covid?

Key sources of exposure

The CDC’s latest findings highlight that exposure to backyard flocks and wild birds can pose a risk of H5N1 bird flu infection, in addition to commercial poultry and dairy operations. Individuals who work with or spend recreational time around animals, such as backyard flock owners, hunters, and bird enthusiasts, face a higher risk of infection.

To reduce this risk, the CDC recommends avoiding direct contact with sick or dead animals, wearing protective equipment when handling birds, and practicing strict hygiene measures. By staying vigilant, families and bird owners can help minimize potential exposure to the virus.

What families need to know about food safety

Here’s some reassuring news: properly cooked poultry and pasteurized milk are safe to consume. The CDC reports that cooking poultry to an internal temperature of 165°F kills the bird flu virus. So if you’re roasting a chicken for dinner or making your favorite soup, just make sure it’s thoroughly cooked.

However, it’s a good idea to avoid raw milk and undercooked poultry to minimize any potential risks. These simple steps will help keep your family safe and healthy.

How to practice good hygiene to stay safe

Simple hygiene habits can go a long way in keeping your family safe. The CDC advises washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds—especially after handling animals—goes a long way in preventing the spread of viruses.

Another easy precaution? Teach your kids to avoid touching wild birds or any sick animals they may encounter outdoors. These small steps can make a big difference in keeping everyone safe during this outbreak.

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE. If you must handle birds or other animals, wear gloves, masks, and other recommended protective gear, even if the animals do not appear sick.

CDC recommendations for protecting your family

The CDC has outlined practical tips to help families stay safe during the H5 bird flu outbreak. Here’s what they recommend:

• Monitor Symptoms: If you think you may have been exposed to infected animals, watch for flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, or fatigue. Reach out to your healthcare provider if symptoms develop.
• Avoid Risks: Stay away from raw milk, undercooked poultry, and any surfaces that might have been contaminated by sick or dead birds.
• Handling Dead Birds: If you find a dead bird in your yard or neighborhood, don’t touch it directly. Report it to local wildlife or health authorities for proper removal.

For families who live on farms or work with poultry, it’s especially important to wear protective gear and follow strict hygiene practices. The CDC states that the flu vaccine prevents flu-related illness in about 40-60% of cases, offering additional protection during flu seasons and possible co-infections.

Related: American Academy of Pediatrics releases updated guidance ahead of flu season

How to address parental concerns

When something like bird flu hits the news, it’s easy for parents to feel overwhelmed. How do you protect your family? What should you tell your kids? Let’s walk through some of the most common concerns and how to handle them with confidence and care.

• For Pregnant Moms and Infants: Pregnant moms and infants are more vulnerable to infections due to their developing or altered immune systems. To stay safe, focus on simple habits: wash hands often, avoid handling sick animals, and steer clear of raw or undercooked animal products. These small, proactive steps can give you peace of mind.
• Reassuring Your Kids: Health scares can be unsettling, especially for children who overhear conversations or see scary news stories. Talk to your kids calmly and share age-appropriate information. Let them know your family is taking smart steps to stay safe. Sometimes, a little reassurance goes a long way.
• Staying Informed Without Spiraling: It’s great to stay on top of the facts, but let’s face it—scrolling through endless news updates can be anxiety-inducing. Stick to reliable sources like the CDC for updates, and set limits on how much news you consume. Staying informed is important, but it doesn’t have to come at the cost of your peace of mind.

What to do if you think you’ve been exposed

If you or your child has had contact with infected animals, knowing what to look for and acting quickly can make all the difference.

• Symptoms to Watch For: Look out for flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, or difficulty breathing. Children may also show signs like irritability or low energy.
• Steps to Take: If anyone in your family feels unwell after exposure, call your healthcare provider right away. Be sure to mention any recent contact with birds or animals, as it can help with an accurate diagnosis.
• Prompt Medical Attention: Early treatment is key to managing symptoms and preventing complications. While the risk to humans is very low, it’s always better to err on the side of caution.

By taking simple precautions and staying informed, your family can navigate this outbreak with confidence and peace of mind.

Sources:

1. Health concerns over flu. California Department of Public Health. 2024. “State Health Officials Respond to Concerns About Avian Flu in California.” 
2. Flu transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022. “CDC Provides Updates on Avian Flu Transmission and Impact.” 
3. How clean hands prevent flu.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. “Clean Hands Save Lives: Facts and Stats.”
4. How vaccines prevent flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. “Flu Vaccination: Importance and Effectiveness“